Posts Tagged ‘ conflict resolution ’

What to Say and How to Say It: A Conflict Resolution Process that Works!

As I have mentioned before in this series (The Eight Simple Rules to Managing Conflict), the biggest key to effectively resolving conflict is preparation. When we have time to prepare we do much better in resolving conflict than when it is thrust upon us and all we can do is react.

When I mediate conflicts, I include a preparation and coaching phase with both parties individually before I ever bring them together. This added phase is critical to a successful mediation, resulting in both parties being prepared, goal-focused, and ready for resolution.

Below is the two-step process I use for successfully mediating and resolving conflict between two people.

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Part I: The Preparation Phase

The first step in the preparation phase is to conduct a thorough self-assessment on the conflict itself. Below are the questions I use to help conflicting parties think through the conflict and prepare for mediation. These questions are also useful for the typical everyday conflicts and disagreements that we all face.

  1. Is the conflict about one isolated event that shows little consistency with the rest of the relationship, or is it the latest in a series of conflicts revealing problems within the relationship as a whole?
  2. What are my goals for the relationship, and how do my goals for this particular conflict affect them?
  3. Are my expectations so rigid that they won’t allow the conflict resolution process to work?
  4. Am I letting my own expectations be shaped or distorted by other people not involved in the conflict?
  5. Are my expectations taking into account the other party’s needs, values, and constraints?
  6. Am I expecting the other party to behave in ways I want them to, or think in ways I think they should?  If so, what’s up with that?
  7. What have I done to contribute to the cause and perpetuation of the conflict?
  8. What misperceptions might the other party have of me?
  9. What misperceptions might I have of the other party?
  10. What is it I need differently from the other party and what would that look like?
  11. What am I willing to do for the other party to show my willingness to work through our issue?
  12. What are some of the workable compromises I can come to the table with?

By using these questions to self-assess and prepare, parties in conflict can put their focus more towards obtaining resolution than fault-finding. This is because much of the hard work occurs through this self-assessment process. It is also why I’m such a big fan of the preparation phase.

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Part II: The Conflict Resolution Process (Formal)

I’m calling this a “formal” process because it is to be used when both parties need a structured format, particularly in cases where the working relationship is strained. I also use the process below as my outline when mediating conflicts. Keep in mind, it can be customized to fit a variety of situations.

Step 1:  The Face-to-Face Meeting   

Opening

  • Each party states their intentions / desired outcomes for the meeting
  • Each party acknowledges the importance of their working relationship with each other as well as the importance of reaching resolution

Step 2:  Defining Needs

  • Party 1 defines the problem and the impact it is having on him/her
  • Party 2 summarizes what he/she heard
  • Party 2 defines the problem and the impact it is having on him/her
  • Party 1 summarizes what he/she heard
  • Party 1 describes what he/she needs from the other to correct the problem…and seeks agreement from Party 2
  • Party 2 describes what he/she needs from the other to correct the problem…and seeks agreement from Party 1

Step 3:  Additional Issues

  • Both parties have an opportunity to raise any additional issues/concerns (following the format above)

Step 4:  Summary & Wrap-Up

  • Once all problems, concerns, and conflicting issues have been discussed and resolved, both parties summarize together what agreements were made
  • Both parties identify an agreed upon process to address and resolve any future conflicts/disagreements between each other
  • Both parties commit to a check-in time/date in the future to revisit the agreements and make any needed adjustments

This format gives you an idea how the flow of the mediation should go. And all parts are essential elements, from the opening comments to setting a future check-in time between parties.

Some Final Thoughts

Probably the biggest reason why I’ve witnesses so many successful conflict mediations in my career is due in part to the amount of preparation that each party has been willing to put into the process. It makes my job a lot easier too because parties come to the table goal-focused towards resolution. All I have to do is provide some gentle guidance along the way.

I guess it comes down to this: If you value the relationship with the person you’re in conflict with, then it’s worth putting in a little extra time in the preparation phase before talking out the problem. It will not only benefit you and the other person’s relationship in the long-run, but you’ll also be role modeling to others what effective conflict resolution looks like. And isn’t that how it should be?

-Geese

Manage the “How” and the “What” will take care of itself

There are two components to every argument/conflict…the conflicting issue (the “what”) and the interpersonal dynamics during the conflict (the “how”). Guess which one is most important?

That’s right, the “how.”

Very simply, how you do conflict will directly impact the outcome of the conflict itself. If you are kind, respectful, constructively assertive and focused on win-win outcomes, you’ll get one kind of results. If you are mean, rude, aggressive, and focused on being right, you’ll get an entirely different kind of results.

conflict-5The “how” sets up the “what.” Failure to effectively manage the “how” means all bets are off as to the success of the confrontation/conflict. When you focus on the issue without any attention to the interpersonal dynamics, you are asking for a fight…a fight that could do some serious long-term damage to your spouse, partner, colleague or friend.

“Okay,” you say, “But what if it’s just the clerk at the store?”

No difference. It’s still a relationship.

Think about it. How would you want to be treated if someone confronted you? Would you want them to be respectful or hard charging and in your face?

It’s not complicated. Manage the “how” and the “what” will take care of itself. Here are some initial suggestions for managing the “how:”
• Begin with the end in mind (Rule 1). Have a plan…know what you want…and move the conversation in that direction.
• Avoid going up the ladder (Rule 2) and making assumptions until you have all the information to work with.
• Use a conflict style (Rule 3) that is best suited for getting win-win results.
• Take the initiative (Rule 4) to talk with the other party regardless of who is at fault or who is in the right or who is in the wrong.
• Focus on understanding the problem from their perspective first before expressing yours (Rule 5).
• Be prepared to ask for what you need (Rule 6) and to ask the other party for what they need from you.

conflict

In the end, it’s all about respect! It’s about how you feel in their presence during a confrontation and how they feel in your presence. If both of you feel respected, heard, acknowledged, and appreciated in the presence of each other, the “what” part of the conflict will be a slam dunk because you managed the “how.” The reverse is also true.

Next week I plan to continue with Rule 7 by sharing my secrets to successfully mediating conflicts…plus I’ll throw in some informal and formal techniques to talk through a conflict so you too can have constructive and meaningful relationships.

Geese

Always Ask for What You Need!

I had a love-hate relationship with my old boss. The love part was my incredible respect for this former Olympic gold medalist turned CEO of one of the leading professional development companies in the world. He was one of those people who could make an audience laugh, cry, and get inspired—all at the same time. People always came up to me after one of Terry’s amazing speeches to say how lucky I was to work for this man. I’d smile and say, “I sure am”, knowing I was lying through my teeth.

In hindsight it was awfully ironic. Here we were, a company best known for our leadership development programs and materials, and yet we didn’t practice a lick of it within our own company. We were a walking contradiction. Do as we say…not as we do!

Here’s the hate part. Our CEO, Terry, ran the organization with an iron fist. It was the classic parent-child dynamics…and I’m talking about the relationship between Terry and his managers, of which I was the newest. He was a short man who sat behind a very large desk. In fact, his desk was so large that he’d literally be looking down at you as you sat in one of the two little chairs out in front of it. I can’t remember, did I already mention parent-child dynamics? Anyway, you could sum up his management style with these three words: command-and-control. But wait, I’m just getting started.

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Whenever Terry wanted to see you, he wanted to see you NOW…not in ten minutes, not when you have time…but NOW! And since he was a man of few words, he’d never tell you why he wanted to see you. As a result, you didn’t know if you were in trouble or if you would be expected to summarize something from one of your past reports that he’s just now getting to. Instead, all you got was, “Can you come down to my office!” It was agonizing.

And to add insult to injury, his office was on the opposite side of the building, in its own wing no less. The laborious walk over involved ambling down an assortment of long hallways, like an unending maze, until you’d eventually pop out right in front of his old and grouchy secretary who seemed to never know you were coming.

maze-1

“What do you want?” she’d say, without looking up.

You get the idea.

The part that still baffles me to this day is how all the other managers seemed okay with Terry’s abrupt and controlling style. In fact, they seemed to almost welcome the dysfunction, enabling it whenever possible. In hindsight, I think Terry’s ineptness provided comic relief for them. And get this, every Friday all of us managers would sneak out to lunch (we didn’t want Terry to know we were getting together) and meet up at a local pub where we’d take turns sharing Terry-stories over beers (of course this was over twenty years ago).

Unlike my peers, the Terry-bashing every Friday didn’t alleviate or justify his behavior. I still struggled with it and one Friday decided to bring it up at lunch. “I just don’t think it is right,” I’d say, “And he needs to know that we can’t always come running every time he needs something.”

beers

The other managers laughed. “Are you serious?” they’d say. “The last guy to take on Terry was immediately shown the door,” as they all nodded together.

So much for their support, I thought to myself.

As the weeks went by, my resolve to change my relationship with Terry increased with every “Can you come down here” phone call. I thought and thought and thought. I knew that his sense of urgency and abruptness was an annoyance for me, but there had to be something else. Why was he making me so mad?

And then it came to me…

It wasn’t the immediacy factor and it wasn’t the rudeness…it was not knowing what he wanted that was killing me. You see, Terry never took the time to set a context for his requests. He preferred to wait until you were standing in front of him before he would explain what he wanted. Not an efficient use of anyone’s time in my opinion. Plus, I’d usually end up having to run back and forth to my office just to put some resolution on whatever it was I was addressing for him.

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Another dimension here is the power game that was playing out. By not knowing what Terry wanted, I was put in a somewhat helpless…vulnerable…and unprepared position. Not a desirable place for a new manager like me to be in. As those of you who know me will attest, I’m the type of guy who will go to great lengths to be prepared for just about anything I do.

So I’ve identified the root of the problem…now what?

This is where Rule 6, Ask For What You Need comes in. I needed Terry to change his behavior just enough so I could not only get my needs met (i.e., my need to be prepared) but to also have greater efficiency when we do meet. And truthfully, all he would need to do was take an extra few seconds to explain why he needed to see me before hanging up the phone. That’s not asking too much, is it?

The key to asking for what you need is to make a mutually beneficial request, causing your boss to want to change. A request, I might add, that is stated in a positive way, making it almost impossible to be turned down.

But isn’t this a form of manipulation, you ask?

Yes and no. “Yes” in that you are purposely crafting your words to solicit a desired response, but “No” in that you are simply asking for what you need. What we are talking about here is diplomacy. Instead of criticizing your boss, you turn whatever need is not being met into a request. The end-results are the same…your boss changes his/her behavior and you get your needs met. The best part is that you didn’t upset your boss in the process. How cool is that?

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So here’s how it went down

At the end of our next weekly one-on-one meeting I said, “Terry, there’s one more thing.”

“What’s that?” he said.

“You know what would be helpful to me?”

“What’s that?” he said (again).

“When you need me ASAP, do you mind taking a second or two to tell me what it’s concerning? That way I can be more prepared and not have to waste your time by running back and forth to my office.”

He smiled, “Sure.”

I did a double-take. Sure! That’s it! You mean to tell me I’ve spend all these months agonizing over this and that’s all you have to say!

But it worked! Not only that, that request gave me permission to gently remind Terry of our agreement the few times he forgot later on.

So, the next time you are either in a conflict and/or have needs not being met in a relationship, your first obligation is to simply ask in a respectful way for what you need. In preparation, answer these questions:
1. What need of yours is not being met?
2. What is the impact of that need not being met?
3. What do you need differently?
4. What would that look like?

Now put this in the form of a request, making sure you include how the other person will benefit by this as well.

-Geese

Focus Out Before Focusing In

“I need a volunteer…Greg?”

Wow, that was more like telling than asking, I thought. “Sure Ron, I’d be glad to volunteer.”

Ron asked me to stand in front of the group as he approached. I knew he picked me for a reason but wasn’t quite sure why…that is until his hands hit my chest with such force that I stumbled back a couple of steps.

“What are you doing?” I yelled, trying to regain my composure.

“What do you think?” he said, as he wound up again for a second attack.

My classmates were in shock. Their eyes glued on Ron, trying to determine if they should watch the frontal assault or intervene somehow.

I braced myself.

WHAM! With both hands he struck my chest again. “What did you say?” he screamed.

Clearly Ron was trying to unravel me. I was determined not to engage. I smiled, “I didn’t say anything Ron.”

He lunged at me again and then again. Each time I took a step back and absorbed the blow. I pictured being Gumby and relaxed my body with each punch. He got angrier and angrier.

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“Stop it!” yelled Mary, one of my classmates.

The tension is the room was intense…at least for everyone but me. Ron continued to attack and I continued to step back and absorb. Finally, out of exhaustion, he stopped and shook his head. “You asshole.”

We all laughed, including Ron.

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The confrontation above was Ron’s way of teaching by example. He was my graduate school professor and we were talking about conflict in class. He picked me as his subject primarily because I had not shown any vulnerability in class as of yet and he wanted to demonstrate how easily it would be for any one of us to get emotionally drawn into a confrontation…only it didn’t work.

Shhhh! Just between you and me…I probably would have gotten upset with Ron and resisted his attack had I not been on display in front of my classmates. Because I was so aware that I was on stage per se, I found it fairly easy to maintain self-control throughout his aborted demonstration by focusing on him rather than me. This helped me better anticipate, absorb, and diffuse what was coming next. It is also the premise behind Rule 5: Focus Out Before Focusing In.

Conflict resolution is not about winning. It is not about being right. It is about finding win-win agreements and enhancing relationships. Focusing out before focusing in is essentially mental Aikido where the objective is to dance with the other party’s energy instead of exerting our own. In other words, it’s about focusing on understanding the problem completely from their side before trying to assert our side. Or, as the late, great Stephen Covey would say, “Seek first to understand, then to be understood.”

Karate Kick

And here’s the best part…we already have the skill set needed to do this. It’s listening. That’s right; I’m talking about the ability to listen from a place of curiosity, sincerity, and openness as opposed to listening from a place of judgment, contempt, and defensiveness.

The easiest way to diffuse an angry person is by showing them that we care about them as a person and their concerns equally. We do this by respectfully listening and asking questions to ensure that we fully understand what’s going on for them. When people feel heard…when people feel validated…when people feel cared for…their anger dissipates and their defenses soften. More importantly, they begin to feel connected to us and want to reciprocate by understanding our perspective.

It’s that simple and it’s that difficult.

I was speaking at a workshop when a woman in the audience took offense to something I said. She angrily rose from her seat and began to verbally attack me. Shocked, I could tell immediately that this was more of a misunderstanding than anything else. However, instead of interrupting her, arguing with her, or telling her she misunderstood, I took the time to listen and paraphrase back to her what I heard her saying.  She looked up at me, somewhat surprised, and said, “Yes, that’s it.” I then apologized for my delivery and explained what I had meant to say. She smiled and thanked me to clarifying.

Do you see it?

This was no different than Ron pushing me around the room. Instead of protecting myself through defending or resisting the attack (in this case a verbal assault), I focused out and listened to her words and calmly paraphrased them back to show understanding. I diffused the attack, just like I was able to do with Ron.

listening

John Heider, author of The Tao of Leadership once told me to imagine seeing the words TEACH ME sitting above the head of every person that I have any conflict with in the future as a way of reminding me to focus out before focusing in.

  • Teach me what’s upsetting you and why?
  • Teach me how I may have contributed to the problem and what I can do to fix it.
  • Teach me how to work with you so that we can collaborate better.
  • Teach me…Teach me…Teach me…

And it worked!

Geese

“In the event of a loss of cabin pressure…”

Conflict Management Rule 4: Take the Initiative

From Geese’s Eight Simple Rules to Managing Conflict

…In the event of a loss of cabin pressure, an oxygen mask will drop from above. Tighten the mask by pulling on the straps like this. If you are traveling with a child, place your mask on first before assisting them…

Flight Attendant with an Oxygen Mask

Whenever I hear that part of the flight attendant’s pre-flight spiel, I always smile. I smile because my gut instinct would be to place the mask on a child first—had I not repetitively heard that directive. But I get the idea—save yourself so you can save others!

The same principle applies to Rule 4 of my Eight Simple Rules to Managing Conflict called, Take the Initiative.  You see, too often we lose ourselves in the dynamics of a conflict and end up taking on much more of the burden than needed. We do this when we get frustrated with someone and end up cutting off communication…or we get angry with someone and retaliate…or we get caught up in being right and refuse to hear the other party’s perspective…or we refuse to forgive someone who wronged us until we get a proper apology.

In each of the examples above, we are essentially giving away our power to the other person by reacting and responding to them instead of focusing on ourselves and what we need. In essence, we are putting the proverbial oxygen mask on them before us. See the difference?

Who, but our ego, really cares about who started the conflict or who should apologize first or who’s right and who’s wrong?  When this happens, we’ve lost our focus and have gotten caught up in the insignificant nuances which, more times than not, lead to a stalemate of sorts.

Broker

Let me give you an example.  A couple of months ago I was introduced to an insurance broker who agreed to help me obtain a new health insurance plan. He was a nice guy and initially very helpful…that is until I ended up getting turned down by the insurance company (reason:  I was labeled a high risk because I actually used my previous insurance to get a physical). Suddenly our relationship seemed to change as he stopped using the “we” pronoun and suggested “I” appeal the decision on my own. I have not heard from him since. No help, no advice, no plan B, nothing. It feels like I’ve been left for road kill.

Now as I see it, I have two options. I can either be angry, hold a grudge, and retaliate by seeking out a new broker or I can initiate contact with my current broker and focus on what I need (i.e., guidance, advice, and a commitment to help me now).

The truth is, as much as I’d like to give my current broker a piece of my mind about his client relations skills (or lack-there-of), that’s not going to help me get my needs met. If anything, it would create more unwanted tension and distraction…the last thing I need. As a result, my course of action is pretty clear.

When we Take the Initiative to resolve a conflict:

  • We get our own needs met
  • We hold the other party accountable by bringing the conversation to them
  • We release the burden of holding grudges, stress, or pent-up emotions
  • We are role modeling effective conflict resolution
  • We are managing our relationship with the other person

When we don’t take the initiative, the opposite is true as well. Our needs don’t get met, there is no accountability with either party, anger and frustration fester, we role model ineffective conflict resolution and we’ve enabled a dysfunctional relationship. Not good.

The key is to know what you want (Rule 1), let go of judgments and assumptions that can get in the way (Rule 2), choose an approach that will get you to resolution (Rule 3) and initiate conversation (Rule 4) so you get what you need. And guess what? You’ll improve the relationship with the other party in the process.

Geese

Stay tuned for Rule 5: Focus “Out” Before Focusing “In”